In agriculture, women’s increased participation and contributions are closing the gender gap. NGO Oxfam India reports that as of 2018, 33% of the agriculture labour force comprises women while 48% are self-employed farmers. This figure will only trend upwards given that significant numbers of men in agriculture are migrating to cities in search of job security. This has made women’s contributions all the more crucial as aside from the traditional household and domestic obligations, they are now tasked with labour-intensive roles on farms to sustain incomes and food security for their families. Hence, women are becoming instinctively empowered and independent, indicating a paradigm shift towards equal opportunity and perhaps one day, even egalitarianism, but to advance the status quo, they must be provided with support services that include access to agricultural input and credit facilities, skill enhancement programs, and tools and technology, among others.

But the non-farm sector is where women’s contributions have generally been most visible. In Meghalaya, women have always stood out for their strong participation and efficient use of resources in handicraft, horticulture, baking, food processing, and animal husbandry. These are other illustrations of productive employment where women are playing valuable roles in progressing the village economy such as the Leisure Time Earning (Kamai Haba Shongkai) activity in Raid Iapngar, Ri Bhoi District, innovated by Iaishah Rymbai.

According to Iashah, Leisure Time Earning, by definition, is an activity that enables women to earn additional income through weaving and spinning yarn in their free time. The school teacher stated that she spends her after-work hours engaged in the activity, a personal hobby that started at a young age when she learned from her mother. Through the years, her reputation as a gifted weaver grew across the region. She planned to scale up, but there were very few women who were interested in an activity that was common in the past but that had lost momentum and waned in popularity because of the poor linkage to remunerative markets and buyers.

One of the farmers, Felicia Rymbai stated that many in Raid Iapngar have always had the talent, but it was never developed because the line of work had previously not translated into sustainable livelihoods. Since the intervention, that school of thought has changed completely as women would return from the farms or their household chores to start weaving and spinning and earn extra income while engaging in friendly conversations. She stated that what has been most rewarding is the creation of jobs for the women in her community. What has been most empowering, however, is to watch them take ownership of the activity and contribute to sustainable and inclusive development after being afforded a positive and enabling work environment.